Study---Two or More Gay Brothers Entire Human Genome

Bocklandt

Conclusion: Sexuality is Biological


http://www.livescience.com/humanbiology/060224_gay_genes.html

Introduction

An examination of Chromosomes 7, 8, and, 10

Results

The researchers found identical stretches of DNA on three chromosomes.

7, 8 and 10.that were shared by about 60 percent of the gay brothers in

the study. That study also found mothers to have an unusually large role in

their son's sexual orientation: the region on chromosome 10 correlated

with homosexuality only if it was inherited from the mother.

Conclusions

The results from these two studies suggest that there are multiple genetic

factors involved in determining a person's sexual orientation and that it

might vary depending on the person.

"We think that there are going to be some gay men who are X

chromosome gay men and some who are chromosome 7 gay men or

chromosome 10 gay men or some combination," Bocklandt said in a

telephone interview. The influence of multiple genes controls whether a

person is homosexual or not."

Conclusion: Sexuality is Biological

***************************************************

#3

http://thechronicleherald.ca/Canada/512472.html 

Study-- Number of brothers may affect male sexual

orientation

Prof. Anthony F. Bogaert Monday July 3, 2006

Journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Researchers at

Brock University in St. Catharines, Ont.

Introduction

Bogaert explored the causes behind what is known as the fraternal birth

order, research that shows a correlation between the number of

biological older brothers a man has and his sexual orientation.

Methods

Bogaert studied more than 900 heterosexual and homosexual men in

Canada who had either biological or non-biological brothers. Dividing his

sample into four groups, Bogaert examined the impact of all types of

older brothers, including step and adopted siblings, and the amount of

time brothers spent together while growing up.

Results

His research found that only the number of biological brothers had an

impact on sexuality, regardless of whether the boys were raised together.

Research that shows a correlation between the number of biological

older brothers a man has and his sexual orientation. "The number of

biological older brothers, including those not reared with the participant,

increases the probability of homosexuality in men," the study reads.

Bogaert also found that the amount of time being raised with older

brothers did not influence a younger sibling's likelihood of being gay.

Conclusions

The study suggests a male's sexual orientation is not the product of his

environment but rather is

influenced by biological factors present before birth. They found

evidence that "a prenatal mechanism(s) affect men's sexual

orientation development." This argues for the so-called nature, instead of

nurture, explanation of homosexuality.

"These results support a prenatal origin to sexual orientation development

in men and indicate that the fraternal birth-order effect is probably the

result of a maternal "memory" for male gestations or births," Bogaert

writes. This research puts to lie the notion that one's social environment

can affect sexuality. "It is the number of older biological brothers the

mother carried, not the presence of older brothers while growing up, that

makes some boys grow up to be gay..

Conclusion: Sexuality is possibly Biological



*********************************************************************

#4

Twins

http://perham.eot.com/~vati/peterson/hist.html

Identical twin studies which show up to a 50% concordance rate of

homosexuality in twins indicate there is not a "single gene" type of

causation. An incidence five to ten times the expected rate in

twins is consistent with a significant genetic factor (such as a combination

of recessive genes).

Conclusion: Sexuality is Biological

*********************************************************************
II. Hypothalamus (Brain)

The Hypothalamus is the sexually dimorphic nucleus

5. Study-----Lavay 1991

Background

In humans, scientists have discovered a clump of cells in the

hypothalamus that regulates sexual behavior and is significantly bigger in

men than women.

Results

The region appeared to be about half as large in gay men as in straight

men, though the researchers were able to examine only a few brains.

Conclusion

This brain area has something to do with sexual orientation.

Conclusion: Sexuality is Biological

*****************************************************************

#6

Study----Roselli -hypothalamus--sexually dimorphic nucleus in sheep

Roselli sheep study ewes vs. rams

With sheep, it's much easier to get lots of brains to study. Roselli eventually

found that He and colleagues at UCLA are looking for ways that genes

and gene expression set the stage for these brain differences

Methods

Studied sheep brains

Results

Sheep have a sexually dimorphic nucleus. It's much smaller in ewes than

rams. It's also smaller, on average, in gay rams than straight ones.

Conclusion biological component

Hypothalamus

Conclusion: Sexuality is Biological


**************************************************************

#7

III. Pheromones

Smell responses in gay men differ from straight men Proceedings of the

National Academy of Sciences Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden

http://www.livescience.com/humanbiology/ap_050510_pheremones.html

Methods

In an experiment, men and heterosexual women sniffed a chemical from

the male hormone testosterone. They exposed heterosexual men and

women and homosexual men to chemicals derived from male and

female sex hormones. These chemicals are thought to be pheromones .

molecules known to trigger responses such as defense and sex in many

animals.

The Swedish researchers divided 36 subjects into three groups .

heterosexual men, heterosexual women and homosexual men. They

studied the brain response to sniffing the chemicals, using PET scans. All

the subjects were healthy, un-medicated, right-handed and HIV-negative.

Results

The homosexual men's brains responded differently from those of

heterosexual males, and in a similar way to the women's brains. The sexual

area of a gay man's brain works a lot like that of a woman when exposed

to a particular stimulus, researchers say.

The response in gay men and straight women was concentrated in the

hypothalamus with a maximum in the pre-optic area that is active in

hormonal and sensory responses necessary for sexual behavior, the

researchers said.

Conclusion

"It is one more piece of evidence ... that is showing that sexual orientation

is not all learned," said Sandra Witelson, an expert on brain anatomy and

sexual orientation at the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine at

McMaster University in Ontario, Canada.

Witelson, who was not part of the research team, said the findings clearly

show a biological involvement in sexual orientation.

Http://www.livescience.com/humanbiology/ap_050510_pheremones.html

Conclusion: Sexuality is Biological

***************************************************************

#8

Response to body odors Charles Wysocki neuroscientist Philadelphia

Methods

Wysocki's team at the Monell Chemical Senses Center studied the

response of 82 heterosexual and homosexual men and heterosexual and

homosexual women to the odors of underarm sweat collected from 24

donors of varied gender and sexual orientation.

They found that gay men differed from heterosexual men and women

and from lesbian women, both in terms of which body odors gay men

preferred and how their own body odors were regarded by the other

groups.


Gay men preferred odors from gay men, while odors from gay men were

the least preferred by heterosexual men and women and by lesbian

women in the study. Their findings, released Monday, are to be published

in the journal Psychological Science in September

Results

Sharp differences between gay and straight men and women.

Conclusion

"Our findings support the contention that gender preference has a

biological component that is reflected in both the production of different

body odors and in the perception of and response to body odors," said

neuroscientist Charles Wysocki, who led the study.


It's hard to see how a simple choice to be gay or lesbian would influence

the production of body odor, he said.


The Swedish research was funded by the Swedish Medical Research

Council, the Karolinska Institute and the Magnus Bergvall Foundation.

Wysocki's research was supported by the Monell Center.

Conclusion: Sexuality is Biological

****************************************************************

http://www.nytimes.com/glogin?URI=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/16/health/16lesb.html&OQ=_rQ3D1&OP=30c30ebeQ2F3rQ2BQ3E3Q24NlZoNNP535XXF3XQ3B3qF3Q3DQ2BACPQ3D3qFCQ2BZQ3EQ25Q3DPQ23C

RECAP

1. "Strong genetic basis for sexual orientation."

2. "X chromosomes partly influences whether her son is gay or not."

3. "We think that there are one or more genes on the X chromosome that have an

effect on the sexual orientation."

4. "The research does provide circumstantial evidence that the X

chromosome contributes to the development of male sexuality."

5. "Mothers to have an unusually large role in their son's sexual orientation."

6. "There are multiple genetic factors involved in determining a person's

sexual orientation and that it might vary depending on the person."

7. "The influence of multiple genes controls whether a person is

homosexual or not."

****************************************************************************

Part 4

 Homosexuality is found in nature and 500 animal species.

GAY ANIMALS

What about gay animals?

If sexuality were a "choice" then why would there be gay animals? If only

going with the same sex is "unnatural" then why is it found in nature?

Same sex coupling has been observed in nearly 200 mammals and birds, orangutans,

whales, warthogs, fruit bats and chaffinches.

Http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/07/0722_040722_gayani

mal_2.html

Not just mating but couple and lifelong bonds are observed.

Bruce Bagemihl

Bruce Bagemihl, Ph.D., biology, spent 10 years researching data in the

biological literature relating to alternative sexuality in animals and as a

result wrote "Biological Exuberance: Animal Homosexuality and Natural

Diversity." The first section discusses animal sexuality in its many forms and

the ways biologists have tried to explain it away. The second section, "A

Wondrous Bestiary," describes unconventional sexuality in nearly 200

mammals and birds, orangutans, whales, warthogs, fruit bats and

chaffinches.

Bagemihl has served on the faculty of the University of British Columbia,

where he taught linguistics and cognitive science. He has published

diverse essays and scientific articles on issues pertaining to language,

biology, gender and sexuality. Lest anyone claim that Bagemihl's work is

not endorsed by a substantial number of research scientists, in the

acknowledgments section in the beginning of the book, Bagemihl says,

"This project has been a labor of love, one that would not have been

possible without the participation and contributions of numerous

individuals and organizations. I owe a tremendous debt of gratitude to the

many people who helped bring this book to life." "I am especially grateful

to all the zoologists, wildlife biologists, natural history photographers, and

zoo biologists who generously provided (often previously unpublished)

information, data, and/or original photographs in response to my inquiries

regarding various species (any errors in fact or interpretation, however,

remain solely my responsibility." Bagemihl goes on to provide an

impressive list of researchers from various colleges, zoos etc. There can be

no doubt that Bagemihl's credentials are beyond reproach and that

"Biological Exuberance" is in many respects a landmark work.

*****************************************************************

Animals:

1. Male Penguins in New York Zoo

These are interesting stories because they go way beyond animals having

same sex relations and show that it is natural for same sex animals to pair

up and commit for life.

http://www.rockhawk.com/Gay%20Animals.htm

http://www.sfgate.com/cgibin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/02/07/MNG3N4RAV41.DTL


2. Female Swans in Boston Common Lagoon

There was a very romantic pair of swans that were inseparable in the

Boston commons lagoon. Everyone was amazed at the heart warming

love that these two birds showed for one another. They nicknamed them

Romeo and Juliet. One day everyone got the shock of lifetime when they

discovered that both birds are female.

3. RAMS

"About 8 percent of rams are interested only in other rams", says Charles

Roselli, a professor of physiology and pharmacology at Oregon Health

and Science University.

Http://endo.endojournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/145/2/478

Was the father ram emotionally non existent? Was their mother overbearing?

*****************************************************************
Conclusion

1. 99% of the professional scientific community agrees that homosexuality

is completely normal and just a variance of human sexuality. The other

1% is a few anti-gay groups that base all of their ideas on the bible and

not science.

2. These other groups are still conducting "X-gay" programs that are

damaging to the gay people involved. These programs are

completely discredited shams that use pseudo-science and gooblely

gook that do not have to be regulated. They hide behind freedom of

religion and claim they have the right to change gays based on

religious belief gays are bad.

3. Over 8 million medical doctors and health professionals around the

world agree that "Gay is OK."

a. 11,000 member American Anthropological Association

b. 36,000 physicians that specialize in mental health

c. 150,000 members of the American Physiological Association

d. World Medical Association represents eight million physicians in

eighty countries and has an ethical statement on

homosexuality similar to that of the APA, ACP, and AMA.

4. Several scientific studies have been completed that all show some sort

of genetic component to sexuality.

5. Gay pairings are completely normal in animal species and over 450

species have homosexuals in their mix.

*****************************************************************

Could this whole movement be politically motivated?

Their movement started around 1998. After all the other organizations had

statements against it. Why 1998? Maybe a presidential election around

the corner?

"The professional and personal implications of reparation therapy became political in

1998 when a blitz of advertisements promoting reparation therapy appeared in the media.

The promoter of the campaign stated that its purpose was to "strike at the assumption that

homosexuality is an immutable trait." Some civil rights advocates asserted that "the

Christian Right aims to foster development of a restrictive legal environment in which

only heterosexuals have legal rights."

http://perham.eot.com/~vati/peterson/hist.html

James Dobson is heavily involved in these ex-gay groups. He has ties to

love won out, love in action, Exodus, Narth, P-fox. James Dobson gets calls

from Karl Rove. Karl Rove is Bush's political strategist. Could it be possible

that all these shattered lives were just collateral damage from a political

game?

Could Rove have seen the advantage in making gays political

pawns more than 8 years ago? Could these "X-gay" programs be solely
to instill in the public's eye that homosexuality is a choice? To

further degrade gay Americans to make it easier to vote for the anti-gay

party of the Flintstones? Could they have sunk that low? To purposely ruin

people's lives for political gain? Are they that evil?

Mary Lou Wallner and her husband Bob know the damage of "reparative

therapy" all too well. Speaking at a recent PFLAG conference in Bothell,

Washington, Mary Lou told the audience that her reaction when her

daughter came out was based on the teachings of Dr. James Dobson, a

leading "reparative therapy" proponent. "I raised my kids on Dobson. I

read his books and listened to his radio broadcasts for years. In December

of 1988, when she was about 21 years old, my daughter wrote us a letter

and told us that she was a lesbian. I flipped out and the next nine years

were pretty stormy. Then in February of 1997, at age 29, she committed

suicide."

"Looking back, I think a lot of it had to do with the way I taught her about

homosexuality. I have since come to understand that almost anybody

gets depressed if they can't be who they really are."

Right there one death directly linked to James Dobson's hatred of gays. How many

more do you think there could be? Probably thousands. Thousands of suicides and

murders. Thousands of beatings. Thousands of broken families. This country is being

torn apart. Thanks James. Wonder what God will say to you?

Http://www.exgaywatch.com/blog/archives/2005/07/pflag_statement.html

Jesus said nothing about homosexuality. He did say a lot about non-judgment

and loving your fellow man. If Gays are put here as a test how would you

do?